Reflections

 

Reflections

I need to  reflect all the learning theories namely Behaviorist, Cognitivist, and Constructivist. These are my opinion to integrate these theories:

1)     Teory Behaviorist

 This theory focuses on physical skills. This is because the behaviorists think that learning is a change in the way a person acts in certain situations. There are two principles that are introduced in this theory, namely, the principle of classical rule and the principle of sociology. As we know the theory of behavior is very important to students and teachers. Behavioral changes that occur based on one's response paradigm. This theory enables a teacher to be attentive and to their students. For example, in the IT class Dr. Abdelmagid will give us guidance and clarity. If we don't understand, we need to raise our hands to find out more.

Direct teaching is a part of theory behaviorist and teacher-directed strategy whereby the teacher delivers the content of the teaching to the pupils as well as structuring the teaching time in order to achieve the intended learning outcomes and develop the skills to be taught step by step. As such, it was found to be good for teaching in reading and mathematics but less suitable for subjects similar to exploration and discovery. I can give some examples from my learning in IT class especially in what I did blog in last weeks. I really really respect Dr Abdelmagid as my teacher. I think that Dr Abdelmagid did some steps to direct teaching because my friends and I can understand correctly what she said: 1. Identify the learning outcomes you (teacher) want to achieve. For example, Dr Abdelmagid will give the subtopics in iTaaleem what she what her students to do for 14 weeks. 2. Encourage students' interest in what to say. For example, Dr Abdelmagid said that the blog can improve our skill and many benefits to others people. So, we did the best skill for learning blog. 3. Review the previous knowledge and skills that they need to master to facilitate their understanding. Dr Abdelmagid gave us some examples and other blogs how to make blog in detail. We need to follow her step by step. 4. Review all of these practical questions in the quiz they will answer. Give feedback on the right answers, and teach them specific skills, if necessary. I can said that DR Abdelmagid teaches us how to take some videos and then put them at blog. So the theory of behaviourism need by action and physical skills. 5. Homework aims to strengthen their understanding. Last examples of these were Dr Abdelmagid gave us the homework and we need to submit our blogs on 31 march 2020. If we have questions, we need to ask her on Whatsapp or meet her. On the other hand, the theory of behaviourism need some review the teaching materials and make sure the students are able to apply what they have learned outside the classroom.

1)     Theory of Cognitivism 

           

This theory is widely used in the world education. A person who learns will be more capable of remembering and understand something when the lesson is arranged. Based on certain patterns and logic. The preparation of teaching prosper should be from moderate to complex. The learning process by understanding will be much better from being just memorizing. According to members of this theory of cognitivsm such as Gestalt Theory, Max Wertheimer, Insight, configuration, structure and mapping.

               In the short, John Dewey said that theory of cognitism, he submitted that learning depending on the experience and interest of the students and topics in the curriculum should interrelated. Students should be active and student- centered learning. Next, the theory of cognitivism by Jean Piaget the human mind has a structure called schema (plural) known as cognitive structures. By using the scheme, someone adapts and coordinatesits environtment to the branch a new scheme, through the process of assimilation and accomandation. Learning process is cognitive-developmental, assimilation, accommodation and equilibrium. After that, Lev Vygotsky said that the learning process for the children is more well done by interacting in its social environtment. Knowledge in learning will be more easily acquired in the social context of a person’s culture. Learning based on scaffolding gives the right strategy for solution of a problem. Lastly, Jerome Brunner gave his opinion about this theory especially in discovery learning. This theory states that the best way for someone to start studying concept and the principle in them is by constant concept and principle what will be learned.

In conclusion, theory of cognitivsm can be a creative theory in the learning. It can be a good implications in this theory. Firstly, it can provide students to submit an idea. In learning resources, Dr Abdelmagid told us that we need to includes our topics or issues. It made us think and research our topics. Secondly, give students a chance to think about his/her experience. For instance, when I did my blog I will memorize my memories how to use blog and its actually similar with WORDS 2010.Next, gives students the opportunity to try new things. For example, I know how to arrange the text beside video and it was actually my first knowledge about blog. Lastly, make the creating a conducive environtment. It can make the students feel excited and enjoyed in their classes.

3)   Theory of Constructivism       

Constructivism is a learning process that explains how knowledge is created in the student's mind. Knowledge is actively developed by the student himself and is not passively received from the environment. This means that learning is the result of the student's own efforts and not transferred from teacher to student. There are some principles of constructivism. Every student who receives information will process it cognitively for reflect and reflect the needs, nature, thinking, attitude, his own beliefs and feelings. The constructivist thinks that you are knowledge cannot exist outside the mind but built in mind based real experience. The knowledge is built through the process of affecting in the among the past learning with the latest learning is related.

Implications of constructivism theory. The teachers will promote learning through discovery. Interaction between teachers and students are active with the teacher adjusting to teaching comprehension student. Teachers will also be the role models or most effective role models for to educate students. Firstly, logic reasoning and use approved. Students are aware that their knowledge or information is incompatible with new explanations. The student will be motivated to correct imbalance in itself. Students strive to receive new information and analyze it before accepting or rejecting it. For instance, in IT class we had some discussion about blog and we need to hear other opinions. Secondly, use of learning aids. A variety of interesting teaching aids are provided by the teacher to assist students in the process of self-learning and quickly mastering the science of the arts. Material the teaching aids used by teachers should show relevance to students existing experience. For example, my teachers usually prepare their learning aids such as pen markers, laptop and projector. Next, lesson strategies. Teachers need to plan and encourage cooperative group learning, project-based learning and external study education provide opportunities for students to control their own learning. Teacher should designing effective learning strategies for students and openness reflections on learning that has taken place.

Closing

In conclusion, I would like to say thank you to my teacher (Dr Abdelmagid) and my friends who teach me about blog. I really really appreciate them. May Allah bless and ease everything to them. Based on three theories, i can conclude that learning should be an active and dynamic process. Students can develop new concepts and knowledge based on their experiences their have. Through their experience, every individual have their own knowledge representation. These theories are really fun to apply into the learning process in line with today's education system that demands that every individual related to applying the technological advancement fish available today.

Reflections 

 Reflections on projects

Studies show that almost all students are bored in school, it was realized that when students are bored and unengaged, they are less likely to learn. For increasing student engagement and deeply understanding of the materials, they suggested project-based learning (PBL) .

1.       Method

 

1.  Research design

 Case study method was made use of in this study. For example, a case study is “a detailed examination of an event (or series of related events) which the analyst believes exhibits the operation of some identified general theoretical principle”. In this interdisciplinary study, “Instructional Design” and “Material Development in Education” courses were delivered through PBL in collaboration with the two instructors. The project aimed at developing an educational software considering instructional design and material development principles. After introducing PBL, heterogeneous teams of students were created considering the students’ preferences. During the lessons, the students were able to explore sample educational software CDs and discuss design and other issues related to software development. Subsequently, the students were asked to present their studies in the middle of the term since it was intended to make them aware of their learning tasks. At the next stage of this process, project evaluation form shared with the students and discussed. By the time the projects had been completed, all the teams presented their software to the whole group and evaluated other teams’ projects besides the instructors. Finally, the students were asked to reflect their views regarding this process via forms which were also used as qualitative data source.

 

2.  Participants

 In this case study, the participants were 55 junior computer student teachers of which are 35 males and 20 female enrolled at Computer Education and Instructional Technologies program of Faculty of Education in university.

 

3.  Data collection

 The students were asked to respond ten written semi-structured questions in the form. Moreover, students’ projects were evaluated by their teachers and students themselves and the correlations among them were tested statistically.

            4.  Data analysis

 In analyzing and interpreting narrative data- content analysis- themes or patterns were identified and organized into coherent categories as Taylor-Powell and Renner (2003) reported. Reflections on project based learning application Qualitative analysis of the students’ opinions related to project technique revealed such themes as learning from experiences, learning to learn, joy, personal gain, social benefit, difficulty, instructor and evaluation. Learning from experiences Throughout this process, the students especially emphasized that they had the opportunity to learn from their own experiences and learn by doing. The tasks required by the scenarios increased the level of usability of their knowledge by helping them apply what they know. It was my expectation from this course that what I’ve learned are really usable. With the help of this project, I am quite satisfied about this . I wanted to learn useful things which will be useful for my career in the future and I did so .

Conclusion and Implications

 As an educator and philosopher, emphasized the importance of the process of inquiry for learning and helped constructing the theoretical foundation of project-based learning. This implementation of project-based learning, major findings of the study were considered as the students’ chances for learning by doing and experiences, their belief for better learning and development of learning skills with fun and enjoyment. Moreover, their emphasis on certain personal developments such as thinking and research skills, self-confidence, professional orientation, communication skills and team spirit and their consideration of instructor as a guide for learning and pleasure to be a part of the evaluation were the other significant findings. On the other hand, the students reported that their workload limited themselves in project development however the teams without effective collaboration seemed to have problems more.  Another remarkable finding of the study was that in case of asking students make self-evaluation, they were quite objective and consistent with the instructors’ evaluations. Possible reason may be the students’ ages or various elements provided by learning environment. In conclusion, inspite of some limitations expressed by the students, when considering the advantages and positive outcomes of project based learning, it is clear that PBL has the potential to develop recently intended personalities. Therefore, it is worthwhile for the project technique to be applied in various disciplines for the students with various ages and grade levels.